Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Anderson, Dave. "Jackie Robinson, First Black in Major Leagues, Dies." New York Times 25 Oct. 1972: 97. Print. This is a newspaper article on Jackie Robinson's death. In the article, it talks about his contributions to baseball and his legacy. This source helped us learn about how America felt about Jackie Robinson.
Associated Press. "Jackie Robinson Planning 3 More Years on Diamond." New York Times 26 Oct. 1947: S5. Print. This newspaper article talked about how Jackie Robinson wanted to help underprivileged children. It gave an example of his leadership in how he answers an average of 300 letters a week from Negro children asking for his advice.
"Baseball and the 13th Amendment." National Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://blogs.archives.gov/prologue/?p=3721>. This source a decent amount of information. It showed where he was born, which was Cairo, Georgia. Also, when Jackie Robinson was inducted to the National Baseball Hall of Fame, which was in 1962. The source had a picture of a letter to President Eisenhower. Additionally, the source said that even after Jackie's baseball career, he continued to fight for civil rights.
"Beyond the Playing Field - Jackie Robinson, Civil Rights Advocate Telegram, Jackie Robinson to E. Frederick Morrow August 13, 1957." National Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/telegram-1957.html>. This source showed Jackie Robinson fighting for more rights of the African-Americans. He sent a letter to Frederick E. Morrow saying that the Civil Rights Act was too weak. Even though President Eisenhower still signed bill, it shows that Jackie Robinson wasn't afraid to speak his mind.
"Branch Rickey." Library of Congress. Lib. of Cong., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/npcc.19279/>. This photo pictures Branch Rickey while managing the St. Louis Cardinals. The picture was helpful for creating our website and understanding our topic.
"BRANCH RICKEY PRAISED: Head of Negro League Lauds Him for Signing of Robinson." New York Times 27 Oct. 1945: 22. Print. This newspaper is about how the Negro League was agreeing with what Branch Rickey was attempting. In the article, Negro League president J.B. Martin talks about how he "personally commends Branch Rickey" for the signing of Jackie Robinson to the Montreal Royals. This source helped us in creating our timeline.
Branch Rickey shaking Jackie Robinson's hand. Shadow League. Shadow League, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2015. <http://www.theshadowleague.com/articles/in-the-life-of-jackie-robinson-branch-rickey>. In this picture, it shows Jackie shaking Branch Rickey's hand. This helped us in understanding Jackie Robinson's relationship with Branch Rickey. We eventually used this picture in the top of our project, included in the banner.
Collection of Five Photographs of Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson. Dodgers Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014. <http://www.dodgersnation.com/this-day-in-dodger-history-branch-rickey-inducted-into-hof/2014/07/24#2>. These pictures show what kind of life Jackie Robinson and Branch Rickey were living at that time. Branch Rickey seems layed back, and Jackie Robinson seems happy in all pictures of him. This source helped in understanding the relationship between the two, and providing our website with pictures.
Conklin, William R. "Jackie Robinson Chock Full o'Poise as Executive." New York Times [New York City] 9 Mar. 1958: 54. Print. This source is a newspaper about Jackie Robinson taking the job of executive vice-president at Chock Full o' Nuts. The source tells about why he took his job at Chock Full o' Nuts, and why he is not at Spring Training with the Dodgers. We used this newspaper article for background information.
Effrat, Louis. "Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball." New York Times [New York] 11 Apr. 1947: 1. Print. This article was key in understanding the public's opinion on the signing of Jackie Robinson. In the article, it states the public bought, "I'm for Robinson" buttons in New York City. This was helpful in research.
"Eisenhower Accused: Jackie Robinson, Says He Failed to Spur Integration." New York Times [New York City] 18 Sept. 1957: 26. Print. This article describes some of Jackie Robinson's efforts to contact and persuade presidents to make the right to decision from Robinson's perspective. It is a New York Times news article, and was written in 1957, right when the Civil Rights Movement was in full effect. This source was helpful to us in providing examples of Jackie Robinson's leadership.
"Gold Medal Given to Jackie Robinson." New York Times [New York City] 9 Dec. 1956: 50. Print. This source tells about Robinson's awards. He was given the Spingarn Medal, from the NAACP. We used this as background knowledge.
"Jackie Robinson Breaks the Color Barrier." America's Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jp/bball/jp_bball_jackie_3.html>. This source had some information about Jackie Robinson. It had showed that during Jackie Robinson's baseball career, that there fans and people who disliked Jackie Robinson. For example, he was complemented by some people but, he also got death threats from letters. The source had pictures as well.
"Jackie Robinson Breaks the Color Line." The Library of Congress. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. The Library of Congress. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr15.html#page_content>. This source gave a little bit of information on Jackie Robinson. It had stats of Jackie Robinson's baseball career. For example, the source showed Jackie Robinson's batting average when he won the Most Valuable Player award and his average was .342. Although this source didn't have a lot of information, it had pictures of Jackie Robinson during his baseball career.
"Jackie Robinson Civil Rights Advocate: Jackie Robinson Letter to Roland L Elliot." National Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1972.html>. This source was a decent source. It showed the last letter Jackie Robinson wrote to the white house, trying to earn more rights for the African-Americans. The letter said that Robinson hopes that the white house would listen to the African-Americans or else they would be filled with more anger. Also, this letter was written six months before Robinson died.
"Jackie Robinson Elected Freedom Bank Chairman." New York Times [New York City] 20 Apr. 1964: 43. Print. This source is a news article from 1964, when Robinson had long retired from baseball. This source tells about Robinson's involvement in the Freedom National Bank. We used this source to determine how Robinson used his celebrity status to raise awareness for black rights.
Jackie Robinson leaves clubhouse. Dodgers Nation. Medium Large, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.dodgersnation.com/today-in-dodger-history-dodgers-attempt-to-trade-jackie-robinson/2014/12/13>. This source is about the Dodger's history. On the website, it included Dodgers recent news as well as old history. We used a picture on our timeline from this source.
Jackie Robinson marching. Solipsis. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.solipsis.com/jackierobinson/civil_rights.html>. This source tells about Jackie Robinson's role in the civil rights movement. The picture we used displays Jackie's leadership in the civil rights movement. We chose this picture to show on our leadership in civil rights tab.
"Jackie Robinson Quits His Job to Aid Rockerfeller Campaign." New York Times [New York City] 1 Feb. 1964: 8. Print. This source tells about Robinson's experience with Chock Full O' Nuts. Jackie Robinson had left to aid Governer Rockerfeller's campaign along with Robinson for civil rights. We used this source to help our understanding of our topic and how it relates to the theme.
"Jazz at Jackie Robinsons' Raises Civil Rights Funds." New York Times [New York City] 24 June 1963: 51. Print. This source tells about how Jackie Robinson was involved with the Civil Rights Movement. The newspaper tells in detail how he raised money which he later turned over to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. We used this source for information on Robinson's civil rights efforts.
Kahn, Roger. Telephone interview by Jared Gee and Brenden Rogers. 3 Apr. 2015. This interview was a very good source. Roger Kahn had given us a lot of stories about Jackie Robinson and he helped us understand a little bit more on how Jackie Robinson was such a great leader in baseball. Also, Roger Kahn knew Jackie Robinson and his wife Rachel Robinson personally. He was very good friends with them and talked to them often.
LA Daily News. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.dailynews.com/>. This Los Angeles news article shows how some of the public first reacted to the signing of Jackie. This specific article is about the Yankees comments towards Jackie and all black players. This source was used in our timeline.
Lent, Cassidy. E-mail interview by Brenden Rogers and Jared Gee. 31 Mar. 2015. This interview provided fantastic insite on Jackie Robinson and his impact on society. This person works for the Baseball Hall of Fame, so credibility is not an issue. We used her insite for information and to quote in our website.
"National Archives." National Archives. U.S. National Archives and Record Administration, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/images/dc-march-photo.jpg>. This source is a collection of historical documents and photos. The specific photo we took from the website was a photo of Jackie with black during a march. This displays his leadership, and we therefore used it on our leadership in civil rights tab.
"Negro Businesses in Harlem Rising: Robinson Says This Is Black Power That He Favors." New York Times [New York City] 28 Aug. 1967: 26. Print. This source tells about how Jackie Robinson was active in the Civil Rights Movement. The New York Times article states that after Jackie Robinson opened a bank in Harlem, New York, "Negro owned businesses in Harlem have risen from 18 percent to 31 percent of communities total." We used this article to support our thesis, and also get background information.
"Negroes Forming Bank in Harlem: Charter Would Be First in State for Race-Jackie Robinson an Organizer." New York Times [New York City] 30 June 1963: 1. Print. This source tells about Jackie Robinson's involvement with the Freedom National Bank, which the article describes as the first bank in New York State with a negro in charge. The article is from the New York Times, a very trustworthy source. We used this source to gain background information on Robinson's involvement with Freedom National Bank.
Nixon, Richard. 369 Statement on the Death of Jackie Robinson. The American Presidency Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2015. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3651>. This release helped me understand how much of an impact this duo had on American society. The president released a statement on how it is important in Jackie Robinson's death. This helped me by showing their legacy even after their deaths.
"Nixon Is Criticized by Jackie Robinson." New York Times [New York] 10 Mar. 1961: 15. Print. This source tells about Jackie Robinson's relationship with Richard Nixon, and some of the letters he wrote to the president. The article includes quotes from Jackie Robinson himself. We used this source to get background information and to understand Nixon's relationship with Robinson.
"The Rest of 42's Story: Jackie Robinson as Civil Rights Activist." Natioinal Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://blogs.archives.gov/education/2013/04/11/jackie-robinson/>. This source had little information on Jackie Robinson's baseball career. The source mainly talked about the movie 42, the biography movie of Jackie Robinson. But, the source did have many pictures. For example, it had pictures of Jackie Robinson's letters to President John F. Kennedy and pictures of Jackie's document of court-martial order from the military.
Rickey, Branch. "Branch Rickey Military Registration Card." N.d. MS. This registration card was used for World War I, and he registered to be in the army as a chemical warfare specialist. This was helpful to me in the way it proved that he was in the military, and where he was born, and about his childhood.
Letter. 15 June 1954. TS. Hollywood. Scouting Report. This report from Branch Rickey shows how he evaluated a player in 1954. This source could be used to show how he might have evaluated Jackie Robinson. This source is helpful to us in our website to show background information.
Letter to Jackie Robisnon. N.d. TS. Smithsonian Museums. This letter was helpful to me because it showed the relationship Mr. Rickey had with Jackie Robinson. This letter includes Rickey showing his appreciation in response to a letter that Jackie Robinson previously wrote to him. This helped us understand my topic more.
"One Hundred Percent Wrong Club." 5:00 PM. Walnut Room at Matahara Apartments, Atlanta, Georgia. 20 Jan. 1956. Speech. This speech was delivered by Branch Rickey to speak to the public about bigotry. This source helped us in getting background information, and also getting an inside look on Mr. Rickey's opinion.
Robinson, Frank. "Frank Robinson on Jackie Robinson's Legacy." Jackie Robinson. National Public Radio. 13 Apr. 2007. Radio. This source contains an interview with Frank Robinson. Frank Robinson was the first black manager in Major League Baseball, and gives the audience insight on his relationship with Jack. We used this to learn about Jackie's push to integrate the entirety of baseball, and not just the nine players on the field.
Robinson, Jackie. "Hotel Jaragua." Letter to Branch Rickey. N.d. TS. Document Cloud. This letter helped us identify the strength of Jackie and Branch's relationship after Jackie retired. Their relationship prospered through years of not having being able to speak. In this letter, Jackie writes about how without Branch, he would be a nobody.
I Never Had It Made. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1995. Print. This book is one of the most important sources for our NHD project. It was an autobiography so it showed Jackie Robinson's perspective and what his emotion towards being taunted. Also, it showed what Jackie did later in his life, after his baseball career with the Brooklyn Dodgers. For example, getting involved with the NAACP Freedom Fund Drive.
Robinson, Sharon. Stealing Home. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1996. Print. This source was very informative. It talked about Robinson's baseball career with the Brooklyn Dodgers and the start of when he started sports. The book showed that Jackie Robinson played soccer when he was in the fourth grade and was so good that he was asked by older grades to play with them. He was rewarded with lunch money or ice cream. In addition, Stealing Home was written by Jackie Robinson's daughter, Sharon Robinson.
"Robinson Says Nixon Is Better for Negro." New York Times [New York City] 5 Sept. 1960: 13. Print. This source tells about Robinson's relationship with Richard Nixon. The article includes quotes from Robinson on Nixon's impact on the Civil Rights Movement. We used this source to gain background information.
"Robinson's Later Career." Library of Congress. Lib. of Cong., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1957.html>. This source is a description of Robinson's later life. In the article, the author explains Jackie's life after retirement from baseball. We used this source to get background information on our topic.
Scott, Gwen. Telephone interview. 13 Jan. 2015. Gwen Scott was an college professor at the Denver University and taught in the Denver Public Schools. She taught history class and African-American History class. This interview with Gwen Scott was an excellent source for learning more before Jackie Robinson's baseball career and after. For example, Jackie Robinson had played with UCLA for football and USC was picked over UCLA to go to the Rose Bowl because they had no black people on their team. UCLA had three black players.
State Photos. Washington State, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.photos.state.gov>. This source is a collection of photos. In the photo of Jackie Robinson, he is standing with three other Dodgers teammates in front of their home dugout. We used this picture in our timeline.
Secondary Sources
Anonymous. "Conf. Celebrates Legacy of Jackie Robinson." Johnson Publishing Company [Chicago, IL] 21 Apr. 1997: 51-52. PDF file. Rickey's legacy was the perfect display of a greater leader making an impact on the world. In this article, the discussion of the legacy are explained through dialogue between historians and Mrs. Robinson herself. The conference talks about how the Major Leagues are still not segregated enough for the duo's liking. This conference about the legacy of breaking the color barrier assisted me by giving me a broad overview of our topic and how it relates to the theme.
Burgos, Adrian. Playing America's Game: Baseball, Latinos, and the Color Line. Berkeley: U of California, 2007. Print. This book by Adrian Burgos is about baseball's latinos after Jackie Robinson. This source also tells about the talent that the lationos had to offer. This book provided background information on our topic.
"Civil Rights Timeline." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2015. <http://www.cnn.com/2006/EDUCATION/01/31/extra.civil.rights.timeline/index.html>. This source included a timeline of black history in America. On the timeline were events such as MLk's I Have a Dream speech, Jackie Robinson, and others. We used this timeline to help build our own.
Fussman, Cal. After Jackie. New York: ESPN Books, 2007. Print. This book had multiple black baseball players talking about the affect Jackie Robinson had on sports and civil rights. For example, the book had a section with Hank Aaron. He talked about how Jackie Robinson helped fulfill his dreams to become a baseball player. Hank's dad had told him that he can't play baseball because there isn't any colored baseball players. Hank and his dad had one day went to go watch Jackie Robinson play baseball, and Hank's dad never said to Hank that he can't be a baseball player, ever again.
Gearan, John. "Jackie Bridged all Gaps ; Robinson should be Honored Today." Telegram & Gazette: 0. Jul 04 1997. ProQuest. Web. 29 Oct. 2014 . This data base was a pretty good source. It talked mainly about how Jackie Robinson's career had started with the Montreal Royals. The most helpful part of this data base was that it had a lot of quotes from baseball historians. It also showed some statistics of Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Jackie Robinosn at a Microphone. University of Colorado Boulder Leadership Class. U of Colorado Boulder, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://www.presidentsleadershipclass.org/field>. This source is about leadership displayed throughout history. The University showed a picture of Jackie Robinson displaying leadership by making a speech. We used this picture for our banner.
Jackie Robinosn poses in front of camera. Rogers Photo Archive. Rogers Photo Archive, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://rogersphotoarchive.com/portfolio/jackie-robinson-2/>. This archive of photos includes many pictures from many time frames. The most important, however, was Jackie Robinson's picture. We used this for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson." Baseball Hall of Fame. National Baseball Hall of Fame, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://baseballhall.org/hof/robinson-jackie>. This website provided us with information on Jackie's legacy as well as his involvement with the Hall of Fame. On the site, it included pictures of his Hall of Fame plaque, as well as an article. We used this for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson." CBS News. CBS, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2015. <http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/jackie-robinson/18/>. This collection of pictures from CBS is a tribute to Jackie's legacy. The picture we chose represented how the public thought of Jackie Robinson. We used this picture for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson Day." Blue Field Blue Jays. MiLB, n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2015. <https://www.milb.com>. This page is the official page of the Toronto Blue Jays minor league team. In the site, they have an article about Jackie Robinson Day, and what it means to each team. We used this source to get input from other groups of people, and also a picture from the site.
Jackie Robinson Foundation. Jackie Robinson Foundation, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.jackierobinson.org>. This source is the official website for the Jackie Robinson Foundation. This foudation is a great example of Jackie's legacy even after he died. We used this source for information on the Foundation and for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson, 1957." Hour Detroit. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2015. <http://rivista-cdn.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/April-2013/Jackie-Robinson/65261_2_cx_1.jpg?ver=1403876548>. This source was used to get a picture of it. We used the picture to put on the Leadership Home Page, for the Leadership in Civil Rights.
"Jackie Robinson, Political Life After Baseball." Framing Hamdems. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2015. <http://framinghamdems.org/JackRob.html>. This source had talked about after Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers. It talked about how Jackie Robinson had supported Richard Nixon in the presidential election. Robinson wanted to support Nixon over John F. Kennedy because he liked how Nixon had worked with the civil rights area more than Kennedy.
Jackie Robinson sliding into home. Black Past. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2015. <http://www.blackpast.org/aaw/robinson-jack-jackie-roosevelt-1919-1972>. This article tells about Jackie's life. In the article, the author describes Jackie's life from his childhood to his death in 1972. This source provided us with a picture for the Leadership section of our website.
"Jackie Robinson With Martin Luther King Jr." The Courier Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2015. This source had a picture that was used in the Legacy Civil Rights page. The picture showed Jackie Robinson together with Martin Luther King Jr. when they were marching and protesting for civil rights.
Jack Roosevelt Robinson." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd ed. Vol. 13. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 207-208. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 6 Oct. 2014 This data base helped us learn more about Jackie Robinson's lifetime throughout his whole life, not only just his baseball career. This data base helped us learn a little more of the Brooklyn Dodgers and got some quotes from when Jackie Robinson was selected to play for the Montreal Royals.
Kahn, Roger. Rickey & Robinson. New York: Rodale, 2014. Print. This book gives the author's insight and personal interviews and conversations with Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson. This resource includes newspaper articles, and interviews that make it an important resource, as I could not find the information anywhere else. This is also helpful in providing background information about Branch Rickey.
"LA Dodgers." LA Dodgers. Major League Baseball, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com>. This source is the official site for the LA Dodgers. This source had a timeline that was very helpful in creating a timeline of our own. We used this timeline for pictures and quoted it several times.
Leavy, Walter. "50th Anniversary of Jackie Robinson." Ebony: 87-100. PDF file. This source gives information about Jackie Robinson and Branch Rickey's legacy. This resource has many digital photographs, and a lot of text, describing Robinson's legacy. This was helpful because of the rich background information it provides.
McCollum, Sean. "Jackie Robinson: Leading the Way." Scholastic Update. New York: Scholastic. N. pag. PDF file. This source gives information about the actions Rickey took leading up to the signing of Jackie Robinson. The most helpful part of this source was the part about the dialogue between Rickey and Robinson, and the specific ideas Rickey had about the signing. This also gave me an overview on our topic.
Milbert, Neil. "Robinson, Jackie." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web. 6 Oct. 2014. This data base was an overall decent source to use to get some notes from. It showed about Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers and how he was with the military. The most helpful part of this data base was that it talked about what Jackie Robinson did later in his life, after he retired from baseball.
Montville, Leigh. "Book Review: Rickey and Robinson by Roger Kahn." Wall Street Journal 19 Sept. 2014: n. pag. Print. This book review is on Roger Kahn's Rickey and Robinson. Rickey and Robinson was his final book, and included stories on Robinson himself. We used this source to show Roger Kahn's credentials.
"1950-1959." Letters of a Century. Ed. Lisa Grunwald and Stephen J. Adler. New York: The Dial Press, 1999. 371-72. Print. This source is a collection of letters from the twentieth century. From the book, we used a letter written by 'The Travelers', in which they threaten to kill Jackie if he steps onto the field again. We used this to determine the public's reaction to Jackie's signing.
The Official Jackie Robinson website. N.p., 2011. Web. 31 Dec. 2014. <http://jackierobinson.com>. This source is Jackie Robinson's official website. In this source, it tells about everything Jackie Robinson from stats to awards to his impact on society. We used this source for the timeline and photo for the Leadership Civil Rights.
O'Sullivan, Robyn. Jackie Robinson Plays Ball. Washington D.C: National Geographic Society, 2007. Print. This book wasn't our best resource for getting notes. It was mainly used for to get a summary of Jackie Robinson. The book mainly showed talked about how Branch Rickey wanted to bring up a Negro baseball player and Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Although, it did help us with just a quick way to learn a little bit about Jackie Robinson.
Pasadena Weekly. Pasadena Weekly, n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2015. <http://www.pasadenaweekly.com>. This source gives information on Robinson's inspirations. He was inspired by his older brother, who won a silver medal in the Berlin Olympics. We used a picture on this website
Rampersad, Arnold. Jackie Robinson: A Biography. New York: Ballantine, 1998. Print. This was our first book that we read for researching. It had the most details on how Jackie Robinson started his baseball career with the Kansas City Monarchs. Also, showed how Jackie Robinson played for the Montreal Royals and how Branch Rickey recruited Jackie Robinson. The book told a lot about Jackie Robinson when he was at UCLA.
Robinson, Jackie Roosevelt. Baseball Has Done It. Ed. Charles Dexter. Philidelphia: J. B. Lippincott, n.d. Print. This source is one of Jackie's autobiographies. In this source, Jackie talks in depth about the struggles he endured during his baseball career. We used this source to get background information, and understand our topic.
ROBINSON, SHARON. Jackie's Nine: Jackie Robinson's Values to Live By: Courage, Determination, Teamwork, Persistence, Integrity, Citizenship, Justice, Commitment, Excellence. NEW YORK: SCHOLASTIC INC, 2001. Print. This book by Sharon Robinson explains what made Jackie Robinson. In the book, Sharon Robinson finds examples of Jackie displaying each of the nine words in her titile. This book provided great background knowledge.
"Robinson the Citizen." University of Massachusets. U of Mass, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://www.umass.edu/pubaffs/jackie/citizen3.html>. This site had a wealth of information of Jackie's acheivments. It included his Foundation, and the Freedom National Bank. We used a picture and we gained knowledge from this site.
Shropshire, Kenneth L. "Jackie Ronisnon's Legacy." Emerge: 60-63. PDF file. This source provided many photographs describing the life and struggles of Jackie Robinson. In this source, the author talks about Jackie's life leading up to the signing on to the Dodgers, and how he dealt with the criticism. This was helpful because it gave me insight on our topic in a different way
Think Blue LA. Think Blue LA, n.d. Web. 6 Apr. 2015. <http://www.thinkbluela.com/index.php/2014/09/12/rickey-robinson-reveals-many-unknown-facts-about-the-integration-of-baseball/>. This site is a fanpage for fans of the dodgers. It includes an article on Roger Kahn, someone we interviewed for our project. We used this source for its pictures of Roger Kahn.
Primary Sources
Anderson, Dave. "Jackie Robinson, First Black in Major Leagues, Dies." New York Times 25 Oct. 1972: 97. Print. This is a newspaper article on Jackie Robinson's death. In the article, it talks about his contributions to baseball and his legacy. This source helped us learn about how America felt about Jackie Robinson.
Associated Press. "Jackie Robinson Planning 3 More Years on Diamond." New York Times 26 Oct. 1947: S5. Print. This newspaper article talked about how Jackie Robinson wanted to help underprivileged children. It gave an example of his leadership in how he answers an average of 300 letters a week from Negro children asking for his advice.
"Baseball and the 13th Amendment." National Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://blogs.archives.gov/prologue/?p=3721>. This source a decent amount of information. It showed where he was born, which was Cairo, Georgia. Also, when Jackie Robinson was inducted to the National Baseball Hall of Fame, which was in 1962. The source had a picture of a letter to President Eisenhower. Additionally, the source said that even after Jackie's baseball career, he continued to fight for civil rights.
"Beyond the Playing Field - Jackie Robinson, Civil Rights Advocate Telegram, Jackie Robinson to E. Frederick Morrow August 13, 1957." National Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Dec. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/telegram-1957.html>. This source showed Jackie Robinson fighting for more rights of the African-Americans. He sent a letter to Frederick E. Morrow saying that the Civil Rights Act was too weak. Even though President Eisenhower still signed bill, it shows that Jackie Robinson wasn't afraid to speak his mind.
"Branch Rickey." Library of Congress. Lib. of Cong., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014. <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/npcc.19279/>. This photo pictures Branch Rickey while managing the St. Louis Cardinals. The picture was helpful for creating our website and understanding our topic.
"BRANCH RICKEY PRAISED: Head of Negro League Lauds Him for Signing of Robinson." New York Times 27 Oct. 1945: 22. Print. This newspaper is about how the Negro League was agreeing with what Branch Rickey was attempting. In the article, Negro League president J.B. Martin talks about how he "personally commends Branch Rickey" for the signing of Jackie Robinson to the Montreal Royals. This source helped us in creating our timeline.
Branch Rickey shaking Jackie Robinson's hand. Shadow League. Shadow League, n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2015. <http://www.theshadowleague.com/articles/in-the-life-of-jackie-robinson-branch-rickey>. In this picture, it shows Jackie shaking Branch Rickey's hand. This helped us in understanding Jackie Robinson's relationship with Branch Rickey. We eventually used this picture in the top of our project, included in the banner.
Collection of Five Photographs of Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson. Dodgers Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014. <http://www.dodgersnation.com/this-day-in-dodger-history-branch-rickey-inducted-into-hof/2014/07/24#2>. These pictures show what kind of life Jackie Robinson and Branch Rickey were living at that time. Branch Rickey seems layed back, and Jackie Robinson seems happy in all pictures of him. This source helped in understanding the relationship between the two, and providing our website with pictures.
Conklin, William R. "Jackie Robinson Chock Full o'Poise as Executive." New York Times [New York City] 9 Mar. 1958: 54. Print. This source is a newspaper about Jackie Robinson taking the job of executive vice-president at Chock Full o' Nuts. The source tells about why he took his job at Chock Full o' Nuts, and why he is not at Spring Training with the Dodgers. We used this newspaper article for background information.
Effrat, Louis. "Dodgers Purchase Robinson, First Negro in Modern Major League Baseball." New York Times [New York] 11 Apr. 1947: 1. Print. This article was key in understanding the public's opinion on the signing of Jackie Robinson. In the article, it states the public bought, "I'm for Robinson" buttons in New York City. This was helpful in research.
"Eisenhower Accused: Jackie Robinson, Says He Failed to Spur Integration." New York Times [New York City] 18 Sept. 1957: 26. Print. This article describes some of Jackie Robinson's efforts to contact and persuade presidents to make the right to decision from Robinson's perspective. It is a New York Times news article, and was written in 1957, right when the Civil Rights Movement was in full effect. This source was helpful to us in providing examples of Jackie Robinson's leadership.
"Gold Medal Given to Jackie Robinson." New York Times [New York City] 9 Dec. 1956: 50. Print. This source tells about Robinson's awards. He was given the Spingarn Medal, from the NAACP. We used this as background knowledge.
"Jackie Robinson Breaks the Color Barrier." America's Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jp/bball/jp_bball_jackie_3.html>. This source had some information about Jackie Robinson. It had showed that during Jackie Robinson's baseball career, that there fans and people who disliked Jackie Robinson. For example, he was complemented by some people but, he also got death threats from letters. The source had pictures as well.
"Jackie Robinson Breaks the Color Line." The Library of Congress. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. The Library of Congress. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/apr15.html#page_content>. This source gave a little bit of information on Jackie Robinson. It had stats of Jackie Robinson's baseball career. For example, the source showed Jackie Robinson's batting average when he won the Most Valuable Player award and his average was .342. Although this source didn't have a lot of information, it had pictures of Jackie Robinson during his baseball career.
"Jackie Robinson Civil Rights Advocate: Jackie Robinson Letter to Roland L Elliot." National Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2014. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1972.html>. This source was a decent source. It showed the last letter Jackie Robinson wrote to the white house, trying to earn more rights for the African-Americans. The letter said that Robinson hopes that the white house would listen to the African-Americans or else they would be filled with more anger. Also, this letter was written six months before Robinson died.
"Jackie Robinson Elected Freedom Bank Chairman." New York Times [New York City] 20 Apr. 1964: 43. Print. This source is a news article from 1964, when Robinson had long retired from baseball. This source tells about Robinson's involvement in the Freedom National Bank. We used this source to determine how Robinson used his celebrity status to raise awareness for black rights.
Jackie Robinson leaves clubhouse. Dodgers Nation. Medium Large, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.dodgersnation.com/today-in-dodger-history-dodgers-attempt-to-trade-jackie-robinson/2014/12/13>. This source is about the Dodger's history. On the website, it included Dodgers recent news as well as old history. We used a picture on our timeline from this source.
Jackie Robinson marching. Solipsis. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.solipsis.com/jackierobinson/civil_rights.html>. This source tells about Jackie Robinson's role in the civil rights movement. The picture we used displays Jackie's leadership in the civil rights movement. We chose this picture to show on our leadership in civil rights tab.
"Jackie Robinson Quits His Job to Aid Rockerfeller Campaign." New York Times [New York City] 1 Feb. 1964: 8. Print. This source tells about Robinson's experience with Chock Full O' Nuts. Jackie Robinson had left to aid Governer Rockerfeller's campaign along with Robinson for civil rights. We used this source to help our understanding of our topic and how it relates to the theme.
"Jazz at Jackie Robinsons' Raises Civil Rights Funds." New York Times [New York City] 24 June 1963: 51. Print. This source tells about how Jackie Robinson was involved with the Civil Rights Movement. The newspaper tells in detail how he raised money which he later turned over to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. We used this source for information on Robinson's civil rights efforts.
Kahn, Roger. Telephone interview by Jared Gee and Brenden Rogers. 3 Apr. 2015. This interview was a very good source. Roger Kahn had given us a lot of stories about Jackie Robinson and he helped us understand a little bit more on how Jackie Robinson was such a great leader in baseball. Also, Roger Kahn knew Jackie Robinson and his wife Rachel Robinson personally. He was very good friends with them and talked to them often.
LA Daily News. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.dailynews.com/>. This Los Angeles news article shows how some of the public first reacted to the signing of Jackie. This specific article is about the Yankees comments towards Jackie and all black players. This source was used in our timeline.
Lent, Cassidy. E-mail interview by Brenden Rogers and Jared Gee. 31 Mar. 2015. This interview provided fantastic insite on Jackie Robinson and his impact on society. This person works for the Baseball Hall of Fame, so credibility is not an issue. We used her insite for information and to quote in our website.
"National Archives." National Archives. U.S. National Archives and Record Administration, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/images/dc-march-photo.jpg>. This source is a collection of historical documents and photos. The specific photo we took from the website was a photo of Jackie with black during a march. This displays his leadership, and we therefore used it on our leadership in civil rights tab.
"Negro Businesses in Harlem Rising: Robinson Says This Is Black Power That He Favors." New York Times [New York City] 28 Aug. 1967: 26. Print. This source tells about how Jackie Robinson was active in the Civil Rights Movement. The New York Times article states that after Jackie Robinson opened a bank in Harlem, New York, "Negro owned businesses in Harlem have risen from 18 percent to 31 percent of communities total." We used this article to support our thesis, and also get background information.
"Negroes Forming Bank in Harlem: Charter Would Be First in State for Race-Jackie Robinson an Organizer." New York Times [New York City] 30 June 1963: 1. Print. This source tells about Jackie Robinson's involvement with the Freedom National Bank, which the article describes as the first bank in New York State with a negro in charge. The article is from the New York Times, a very trustworthy source. We used this source to gain background information on Robinson's involvement with Freedom National Bank.
Nixon, Richard. 369 Statement on the Death of Jackie Robinson. The American Presidency Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2015. <http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=3651>. This release helped me understand how much of an impact this duo had on American society. The president released a statement on how it is important in Jackie Robinson's death. This helped me by showing their legacy even after their deaths.
"Nixon Is Criticized by Jackie Robinson." New York Times [New York] 10 Mar. 1961: 15. Print. This source tells about Jackie Robinson's relationship with Richard Nixon, and some of the letters he wrote to the president. The article includes quotes from Jackie Robinson himself. We used this source to get background information and to understand Nixon's relationship with Robinson.
"The Rest of 42's Story: Jackie Robinson as Civil Rights Activist." Natioinal Archive. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2014. <http://blogs.archives.gov/education/2013/04/11/jackie-robinson/>. This source had little information on Jackie Robinson's baseball career. The source mainly talked about the movie 42, the biography movie of Jackie Robinson. But, the source did have many pictures. For example, it had pictures of Jackie Robinson's letters to President John F. Kennedy and pictures of Jackie's document of court-martial order from the military.
Rickey, Branch. "Branch Rickey Military Registration Card." N.d. MS. This registration card was used for World War I, and he registered to be in the army as a chemical warfare specialist. This was helpful to me in the way it proved that he was in the military, and where he was born, and about his childhood.
Letter. 15 June 1954. TS. Hollywood. Scouting Report. This report from Branch Rickey shows how he evaluated a player in 1954. This source could be used to show how he might have evaluated Jackie Robinson. This source is helpful to us in our website to show background information.
Letter to Jackie Robisnon. N.d. TS. Smithsonian Museums. This letter was helpful to me because it showed the relationship Mr. Rickey had with Jackie Robinson. This letter includes Rickey showing his appreciation in response to a letter that Jackie Robinson previously wrote to him. This helped us understand my topic more.
"One Hundred Percent Wrong Club." 5:00 PM. Walnut Room at Matahara Apartments, Atlanta, Georgia. 20 Jan. 1956. Speech. This speech was delivered by Branch Rickey to speak to the public about bigotry. This source helped us in getting background information, and also getting an inside look on Mr. Rickey's opinion.
Robinson, Frank. "Frank Robinson on Jackie Robinson's Legacy." Jackie Robinson. National Public Radio. 13 Apr. 2007. Radio. This source contains an interview with Frank Robinson. Frank Robinson was the first black manager in Major League Baseball, and gives the audience insight on his relationship with Jack. We used this to learn about Jackie's push to integrate the entirety of baseball, and not just the nine players on the field.
Robinson, Jackie. "Hotel Jaragua." Letter to Branch Rickey. N.d. TS. Document Cloud. This letter helped us identify the strength of Jackie and Branch's relationship after Jackie retired. Their relationship prospered through years of not having being able to speak. In this letter, Jackie writes about how without Branch, he would be a nobody.
I Never Had It Made. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1995. Print. This book is one of the most important sources for our NHD project. It was an autobiography so it showed Jackie Robinson's perspective and what his emotion towards being taunted. Also, it showed what Jackie did later in his life, after his baseball career with the Brooklyn Dodgers. For example, getting involved with the NAACP Freedom Fund Drive.
Robinson, Sharon. Stealing Home. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1996. Print. This source was very informative. It talked about Robinson's baseball career with the Brooklyn Dodgers and the start of when he started sports. The book showed that Jackie Robinson played soccer when he was in the fourth grade and was so good that he was asked by older grades to play with them. He was rewarded with lunch money or ice cream. In addition, Stealing Home was written by Jackie Robinson's daughter, Sharon Robinson.
"Robinson Says Nixon Is Better for Negro." New York Times [New York City] 5 Sept. 1960: 13. Print. This source tells about Robinson's relationship with Richard Nixon. The article includes quotes from Robinson on Nixon's impact on the Civil Rights Movement. We used this source to gain background information.
"Robinson's Later Career." Library of Congress. Lib. of Cong., n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/robinson/jr1957.html>. This source is a description of Robinson's later life. In the article, the author explains Jackie's life after retirement from baseball. We used this source to get background information on our topic.
Scott, Gwen. Telephone interview. 13 Jan. 2015. Gwen Scott was an college professor at the Denver University and taught in the Denver Public Schools. She taught history class and African-American History class. This interview with Gwen Scott was an excellent source for learning more before Jackie Robinson's baseball career and after. For example, Jackie Robinson had played with UCLA for football and USC was picked over UCLA to go to the Rose Bowl because they had no black people on their team. UCLA had three black players.
State Photos. Washington State, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.photos.state.gov>. This source is a collection of photos. In the photo of Jackie Robinson, he is standing with three other Dodgers teammates in front of their home dugout. We used this picture in our timeline.
Secondary Sources
Anonymous. "Conf. Celebrates Legacy of Jackie Robinson." Johnson Publishing Company [Chicago, IL] 21 Apr. 1997: 51-52. PDF file. Rickey's legacy was the perfect display of a greater leader making an impact on the world. In this article, the discussion of the legacy are explained through dialogue between historians and Mrs. Robinson herself. The conference talks about how the Major Leagues are still not segregated enough for the duo's liking. This conference about the legacy of breaking the color barrier assisted me by giving me a broad overview of our topic and how it relates to the theme.
Burgos, Adrian. Playing America's Game: Baseball, Latinos, and the Color Line. Berkeley: U of California, 2007. Print. This book by Adrian Burgos is about baseball's latinos after Jackie Robinson. This source also tells about the talent that the lationos had to offer. This book provided background information on our topic.
"Civil Rights Timeline." CNN. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2015. <http://www.cnn.com/2006/EDUCATION/01/31/extra.civil.rights.timeline/index.html>. This source included a timeline of black history in America. On the timeline were events such as MLk's I Have a Dream speech, Jackie Robinson, and others. We used this timeline to help build our own.
Fussman, Cal. After Jackie. New York: ESPN Books, 2007. Print. This book had multiple black baseball players talking about the affect Jackie Robinson had on sports and civil rights. For example, the book had a section with Hank Aaron. He talked about how Jackie Robinson helped fulfill his dreams to become a baseball player. Hank's dad had told him that he can't play baseball because there isn't any colored baseball players. Hank and his dad had one day went to go watch Jackie Robinson play baseball, and Hank's dad never said to Hank that he can't be a baseball player, ever again.
Gearan, John. "Jackie Bridged all Gaps ; Robinson should be Honored Today." Telegram & Gazette: 0. Jul 04 1997. ProQuest. Web. 29 Oct. 2014 . This data base was a pretty good source. It talked mainly about how Jackie Robinson's career had started with the Montreal Royals. The most helpful part of this data base was that it had a lot of quotes from baseball historians. It also showed some statistics of Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Jackie Robinosn at a Microphone. University of Colorado Boulder Leadership Class. U of Colorado Boulder, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://www.presidentsleadershipclass.org/field>. This source is about leadership displayed throughout history. The University showed a picture of Jackie Robinson displaying leadership by making a speech. We used this picture for our banner.
Jackie Robinosn poses in front of camera. Rogers Photo Archive. Rogers Photo Archive, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://rogersphotoarchive.com/portfolio/jackie-robinson-2/>. This archive of photos includes many pictures from many time frames. The most important, however, was Jackie Robinson's picture. We used this for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson." Baseball Hall of Fame. National Baseball Hall of Fame, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://baseballhall.org/hof/robinson-jackie>. This website provided us with information on Jackie's legacy as well as his involvement with the Hall of Fame. On the site, it included pictures of his Hall of Fame plaque, as well as an article. We used this for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson." CBS News. CBS, n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2015. <http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/jackie-robinson/18/>. This collection of pictures from CBS is a tribute to Jackie's legacy. The picture we chose represented how the public thought of Jackie Robinson. We used this picture for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson Day." Blue Field Blue Jays. MiLB, n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2015. <https://www.milb.com>. This page is the official page of the Toronto Blue Jays minor league team. In the site, they have an article about Jackie Robinson Day, and what it means to each team. We used this source to get input from other groups of people, and also a picture from the site.
Jackie Robinson Foundation. Jackie Robinson Foundation, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://www.jackierobinson.org>. This source is the official website for the Jackie Robinson Foundation. This foudation is a great example of Jackie's legacy even after he died. We used this source for information on the Foundation and for our timeline.
"Jackie Robinson, 1957." Hour Detroit. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Feb. 2015. <http://rivista-cdn.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/April-2013/Jackie-Robinson/65261_2_cx_1.jpg?ver=1403876548>. This source was used to get a picture of it. We used the picture to put on the Leadership Home Page, for the Leadership in Civil Rights.
"Jackie Robinson, Political Life After Baseball." Framing Hamdems. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2015. <http://framinghamdems.org/JackRob.html>. This source had talked about after Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers. It talked about how Jackie Robinson had supported Richard Nixon in the presidential election. Robinson wanted to support Nixon over John F. Kennedy because he liked how Nixon had worked with the civil rights area more than Kennedy.
Jackie Robinson sliding into home. Black Past. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2015. <http://www.blackpast.org/aaw/robinson-jack-jackie-roosevelt-1919-1972>. This article tells about Jackie's life. In the article, the author describes Jackie's life from his childhood to his death in 1972. This source provided us with a picture for the Leadership section of our website.
"Jackie Robinson With Martin Luther King Jr." The Courier Journal. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2015. This source had a picture that was used in the Legacy Civil Rights page. The picture showed Jackie Robinson together with Martin Luther King Jr. when they were marching and protesting for civil rights.
Jack Roosevelt Robinson." Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd ed. Vol. 13. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 207-208. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 6 Oct. 2014 This data base helped us learn more about Jackie Robinson's lifetime throughout his whole life, not only just his baseball career. This data base helped us learn a little more of the Brooklyn Dodgers and got some quotes from when Jackie Robinson was selected to play for the Montreal Royals.
Kahn, Roger. Rickey & Robinson. New York: Rodale, 2014. Print. This book gives the author's insight and personal interviews and conversations with Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson. This resource includes newspaper articles, and interviews that make it an important resource, as I could not find the information anywhere else. This is also helpful in providing background information about Branch Rickey.
"LA Dodgers." LA Dodgers. Major League Baseball, n.d. Web. 31 Jan. 2015. <http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com>. This source is the official site for the LA Dodgers. This source had a timeline that was very helpful in creating a timeline of our own. We used this timeline for pictures and quoted it several times.
Leavy, Walter. "50th Anniversary of Jackie Robinson." Ebony: 87-100. PDF file. This source gives information about Jackie Robinson and Branch Rickey's legacy. This resource has many digital photographs, and a lot of text, describing Robinson's legacy. This was helpful because of the rich background information it provides.
McCollum, Sean. "Jackie Robinson: Leading the Way." Scholastic Update. New York: Scholastic. N. pag. PDF file. This source gives information about the actions Rickey took leading up to the signing of Jackie Robinson. The most helpful part of this source was the part about the dialogue between Rickey and Robinson, and the specific ideas Rickey had about the signing. This also gave me an overview on our topic.
Milbert, Neil. "Robinson, Jackie." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web. 6 Oct. 2014. This data base was an overall decent source to use to get some notes from. It showed about Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers and how he was with the military. The most helpful part of this data base was that it talked about what Jackie Robinson did later in his life, after he retired from baseball.
Montville, Leigh. "Book Review: Rickey and Robinson by Roger Kahn." Wall Street Journal 19 Sept. 2014: n. pag. Print. This book review is on Roger Kahn's Rickey and Robinson. Rickey and Robinson was his final book, and included stories on Robinson himself. We used this source to show Roger Kahn's credentials.
"1950-1959." Letters of a Century. Ed. Lisa Grunwald and Stephen J. Adler. New York: The Dial Press, 1999. 371-72. Print. This source is a collection of letters from the twentieth century. From the book, we used a letter written by 'The Travelers', in which they threaten to kill Jackie if he steps onto the field again. We used this to determine the public's reaction to Jackie's signing.
The Official Jackie Robinson website. N.p., 2011. Web. 31 Dec. 2014. <http://jackierobinson.com>. This source is Jackie Robinson's official website. In this source, it tells about everything Jackie Robinson from stats to awards to his impact on society. We used this source for the timeline and photo for the Leadership Civil Rights.
O'Sullivan, Robyn. Jackie Robinson Plays Ball. Washington D.C: National Geographic Society, 2007. Print. This book wasn't our best resource for getting notes. It was mainly used for to get a summary of Jackie Robinson. The book mainly showed talked about how Branch Rickey wanted to bring up a Negro baseball player and Jackie Robinson's career with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Although, it did help us with just a quick way to learn a little bit about Jackie Robinson.
Pasadena Weekly. Pasadena Weekly, n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2015. <http://www.pasadenaweekly.com>. This source gives information on Robinson's inspirations. He was inspired by his older brother, who won a silver medal in the Berlin Olympics. We used a picture on this website
Rampersad, Arnold. Jackie Robinson: A Biography. New York: Ballantine, 1998. Print. This was our first book that we read for researching. It had the most details on how Jackie Robinson started his baseball career with the Kansas City Monarchs. Also, showed how Jackie Robinson played for the Montreal Royals and how Branch Rickey recruited Jackie Robinson. The book told a lot about Jackie Robinson when he was at UCLA.
Robinson, Jackie Roosevelt. Baseball Has Done It. Ed. Charles Dexter. Philidelphia: J. B. Lippincott, n.d. Print. This source is one of Jackie's autobiographies. In this source, Jackie talks in depth about the struggles he endured during his baseball career. We used this source to get background information, and understand our topic.
ROBINSON, SHARON. Jackie's Nine: Jackie Robinson's Values to Live By: Courage, Determination, Teamwork, Persistence, Integrity, Citizenship, Justice, Commitment, Excellence. NEW YORK: SCHOLASTIC INC, 2001. Print. This book by Sharon Robinson explains what made Jackie Robinson. In the book, Sharon Robinson finds examples of Jackie displaying each of the nine words in her titile. This book provided great background knowledge.
"Robinson the Citizen." University of Massachusets. U of Mass, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2015. <http://www.umass.edu/pubaffs/jackie/citizen3.html>. This site had a wealth of information of Jackie's acheivments. It included his Foundation, and the Freedom National Bank. We used a picture and we gained knowledge from this site.
Shropshire, Kenneth L. "Jackie Ronisnon's Legacy." Emerge: 60-63. PDF file. This source provided many photographs describing the life and struggles of Jackie Robinson. In this source, the author talks about Jackie's life leading up to the signing on to the Dodgers, and how he dealt with the criticism. This was helpful because it gave me insight on our topic in a different way
Think Blue LA. Think Blue LA, n.d. Web. 6 Apr. 2015. <http://www.thinkbluela.com/index.php/2014/09/12/rickey-robinson-reveals-many-unknown-facts-about-the-integration-of-baseball/>. This site is a fanpage for fans of the dodgers. It includes an article on Roger Kahn, someone we interviewed for our project. We used this source for its pictures of Roger Kahn.